參考版本 AFV  A  Faithful Version 的希臘文 2009版本

耶和華的事，私用沒有版權

15. And Canaan begat Sidon, his firstborn, and Heth,

16. And the Jebusite and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,

17. And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite,

18. And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterward the families of the Canaanites were spread abroad.

19. And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon (as you come to Gerar) to Gaza, as you go in towards Sodom and Gomorrah and Admah and Zeboim, even to Lasha.

20. These were the sons of Ham, after their families, after their tongues, See Gen. 11:7-9 in their countries, and in their nations.

21. And to Shem sons were born, even him, the father of all the sons of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder.

22. The sons of Shem: Elam and Asshur and Arphaxad and Lud and Aram.

23. And the sons of Aram: Uz and Hul and Gether and Mash.

24. And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber.

25. And Eber begat two sons. The name of the one was Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided; and his brother’s name was Joktan.

26. And Joktan begat Almodad and Sheleph and Hazarmaveth and Jerah,

27. And Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah,

28. And Obal and Abimael and Sheba,

29. And Ophir and Havilah and Jobab; all these were the sons of Joktan.

30. And their dwelling was from Mesha, as you go to Sephar, a mountain of the east.

31. These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, See Gen. 11:7-9 in their lands, and after their nations.

32. These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations; and from these were the nations divided on the earth after the flood.

 (A Faithful Version)

15. 迦南生西頓，是長子，和赫，

16. 耶布斯、亞摩利、革迦撒，

17. 希未、亞基、西尼，

18. 亞瓦底、洗瑪利、哈馬。這些成為後來迦南地各個族群，分散在這處地域。

19. 迦南的後代又稱迦南人，地域的疆界從西頓到加沙這一帶，當中包括所多瑪、俄摩拉、押瑪、洗扁，或再遠的拉沙。

20. 含，他的眾子，是分散在族群、散佈在不同方言，不同的地域當中。(創11：7-9)

21. 閃族的後人當中，有位同父的兄弟希伯，是雅弗的。

22. 閃的兒子包括：以攔、亞述、亞法撒、路德和亞蘭。

23. 亞蘭的兒子是：烏斯、戶勒、基帖和瑪施。

24. 亞法撒生沙拉；沙拉生希伯。

25. 希伯生了兩個兒子。其中一位叫法勒，因為他倆不和到一個地步，地都裂開的緣故分開，他兄弟名叫約坦。

26. 約坦生亞摩答、示列、哈薩瑪別、耶拉，

27. 哈多蘭、烏撒、德拉，

28. 俄巴路、亞比瑪利、示巴，

29. 俄斐、哈腓拉、約巴；這些都是約坦的兒子。

30. 他們居住在米沙，範圍直往西法，它是位於東面的一座山。

31. 都屬於閃的後代，有他們的族群、方言，土地以致後來立國。

32. 以上都是挪亞的宗族，及其世代發展，以致立國，都是洪水以後延伸出來。

這章記載二個族群，一是迦南，一是閃。

迦南族群涉及的，是幾個地方名：所多瑪及俄摩拉。他先祖迦南，涉及裸露這方面有關的事。當時沒有現今的制度及社會規範，似乎不涉及犯罪。這些男女的事，當時似乎應該不涉及道德層面，只是生活當中的一部份，是環境造成。到了今日，時代進步了，道德提高了，這種事也沒有停止過。

AI：

Canaan   underwent profound transformations from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, marked by shifts in political control, cultural identity, and population. 

• Bronze Age (c. 3500–1200 BCE): Canaan was a region of flourishing city-states, including Sidon, Tyre, and Jerusalem, with a shared Semitic culture and language. The Canaanites developed a proto-alphabetic script and were central to Mediterranean trade. Genetic studies show they descended from a mix of local Neolithic populations and groups from Iran/Caucasus, forming a genetically cohesive people across 1,500 years. 
• Late Bronze Age Collapse (c.  1200 BCE): The region faced upheaval due to the Bronze Age collapse, including invasions by the Sea Peoples. The Philistines settled on the southern coast, while Israelites began infiltrating the hill country.  Despite biblical accounts of total destruction, archaeological evidence shows continuity of occupation in cities like Sidon and Tyre.
• Iron Age (c. 1200–586 BCE): The Israelites established the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. The Canaanite cultural and genetic legacy persisted—modern Lebanese and Palestinians derive most of their ancestry from Bronze Age Canaanites.  The region transitioned from Canaanite city-states to Israelite and later Philistine polities. 
• Later Conquests: By the 8th century BCE, Canaan fell under Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, and Roman rule. The name “Canaan” faded, replaced by “Palestine” after the Roman suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 CE), which aimed to sever ties with Judaea. 
• Cultural and Religious Shifts: The Israelites adopted and transformed Canaanite religious elements—such as temple architecture and the concept of a supreme god—into early monotheism. The Canaanite identity was gradually absorbed, but their genetic and cultural influence endures in the modern Levant

這就不難理解當時的迦南人面對的社會環境。它跟社會發展息息相關，越是先進，社會色彩就愈是豐富，個人就更容易被社會同化。

至於閃。它就在21 – 25節的描述：

21. 閃族的後人當中，有位同父的兄弟希伯，是雅弗的。

24-25：亞法撒生沙拉；沙拉生希伯。 希伯生了兩個兒子，一個名叫法勒，因為他倆不和到一地步，地都裂開的緣故分開，他兄弟名叫約坦。

按24節的描述，這是一次同族通婚的記載，是含和閃這二族群。這同族通婚，在中華地區，成了禁忌。

AI：希伯的法勒

Peleg  was a biblical figure mentioned in Genesis 10:25   and 1 Chronicles 1:19   as the son of Eber and grandson of Shem, one of Noah’s sons.    His name, meaning   “division”   in Hebrew, is linked to the event described in Scripture: “in his days the earth was divided.” 

The most widely accepted interpretation among biblical scholars is that this “division” refers to the   Confusion of Tongues and subsequent scattering of humanity at the Tower of Babel, as recorded in Genesis 11.   This event marked the separation of people into distinct language groups and nations, aligning with the timing of Peleg’s life. 

Peleg lived to the age of   239 years   ( Genesis 11:16–19 ) ,  and his son was  Reu, who became an ancestor of Abraham and, ultimately, of the Israelites.   His name appears in the   genealogy of Jesus   in Luke 3:35, underscoring his significance in the Messianic lineage. 

Peleg  is also a common name in modern Israel, and the Hebrew root   peleg    (פלג)  relates to  “brook”  or  “small channel of water”, reflecting the idea of division or splitting.

AI 來的資料是否可靠，在人的有限當中，讀了不少的神學書籍，會看叙事當中的分析舖排去決定是否可信。就個人而言，是相信 AI一般是有這可能性存在。當然，看官信不信，自己決定，大家都有分辨的能力，真理會對每個人開放。

從這些資料，可以了解迦南這位先祖在當時不去正視一事，見到他爺爺裸露時，為他蓋上被舖，直覺上是會立時去處理，出於常識。當時的迦南是忘記自己的責任，也沒有愛護一家人的心態。許多人也許不明，也許沒膽量，之後懶得改變，這是人性很現實一面。迦南沒有，含這位父親也沒有，也許他的後人也以為人生可以這樣。這是另一類的見證，引帶不良的社會效應和社會隱藏的無形壓力，養成不去盡人的本份。

至於法勒事件，AI 認為是語言分裂，相信不是，理由是事件發生的先後次序不可能如此。它不是因為言語分裂，按舊約記載那是事件發生後的處理，當是言語的一統。若言語分裂解釋為紛爭吵架，那是有可能，用文學表達的角度去解釋，相信是合理。

另外在23節中的亞蘭 Aram 而他的後人可以稱為 Arameans亞拉姆人，那麼申命記26章說當時的以色列人是亞伯拉罕的先祖又稱Aram- naharaim 就在哈蘭 Haran 這處。而哈蘭原意是一座山，那麼位於東面的一座山，是否就是這座？

https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Haran.html  而哈蘭其中一個意思是一座山。

西法：AI

Sephar  is a biblical location mentioned in  Genesis 10:30 as the eastern boundary of the territory inhabited by the descendants of Joktan, a son of Shem.   It is described as “a mountain of the east,”   marking the limit of the Joktanite tribes in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula. 

The most widely accepted identification of   Sephar is with   Zafar, an ancient seaport town on the coast of the Indian Ocean in the region of Hadramawt (modern-day Yemen).   This site, known in antiquity as   Dhafari   or    Zafar, aligns with the geographical and historical context of the Joktanites and is supported by multiple biblical dictionaries and scholarly sources. 

In a   metaphysical   sense,   Sephar   symbolizes the “mountain of the east” — a spiritual high place within consciousness where thoughts, ideals, and activities are recorded, associated with  numbering, remembering, writing, and scribing. 

Note: The name   Sephar is distinct from:

• Sephora   (the global beauty retailer),
• Sepharad   (a biblical term later associated with Spain and the Sephardic Jews),
• Sefar (a prehistoric troglodyte city in the Algerian Sahara),
• And   SEPHAR   (a Romanian cardiovascular health study). 

The biblical   Sephar   remains most closely linked to   Zafar, Yemen, as the eastern boundary of ancient Joktanite lands. 

在22節中的亞述 ： https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Asshur.html  這處是從字源去追查涉及的人事，是客觀的陳述。似乎也不否認，它的根源。

由此可知，亞述這名，不論是人和事，追源索本，都有關係。 從這段經文，顯示影響中東，從遠古發展到今的格局的一個解釋，都與這經文描述的，有直接或者間接的關係。以一個信仰民族去說明世界有創造者，稱耶和華 (不是神)，似乎可以是個客觀的依據，在舊約一直以這個稱謂去描述這位創天造地者。