參考版本 AFV  A  Faithful Version 的希臘文 2009版本    

耶和華的事,不謀利沒有版權

12. And the days were many, and Judah’s wife, the daughter of Shuah, died. And Judah was comforted, and went up unto the shearers of his sheep, he and his friend Hirah of Adullam, to Timnah.

13. And it was told to Tamar, saying, “Behold, your father-in-law goes up to Timnah to shear his sheep.”

14. And she put off her widow’s clothes, and covered herself with a veil, and wrapped herself. And she sat in an open place, which is by the road to Timnah, for she saw that Shelah was grown and she was not given to him as wife.

15. When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot because she had covered her face.

16. And he went over to her by the roadside, and said, “Come now, let me come in to you”; for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law. And she said, “What will you give me, so that you may come in to me?”

17. And he said, I will send a kid of the goats from the flock. And she said, “Will you give me a pledge until you send it?”

18. And he said, “What pledge shall I give you?” And she said, “Your signet and your bracelet, and your staff that is in your hand.” And he gave to her, and came in to her, and she conceived by him.

19. And she arose and went away, and laid away her veil from her, and put on the clothes of her widowhood.

20. And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite to receive his pledge from the woman’s hand. But he did not find her.

(A Faithful Version)

12. 過了一段日子,猶大的妻子離世,她是書亞的女兒。猶大感到憂傷,便與朋友一起往上亭拿,那處是亞杜蘭人希拉的居處,去剪羊毛解憂。

13. 此時有人來告訴她瑪:你公公去亭拿幫剪羊毛。

14. 她瑪就脫下寡婦的衣服,用帕子蒙臉,罩衣裹身,就坐在亭拿路邊等候。如此作為,是因為示拉長大,仍未有再婚的舉措。

15. 此時,猶大經過看見她,以為是妓女,皆因臉被蒙著。

16. 猶大走前對她說:隨我來完事。並不曉得是他媳婦。她瑪問:與你共渡一刻,拿什麼給我作回報?

17. 猶大說:送小山羊給你。她瑪又問:未收到小羊之先,能有抵押品?

18. 猶大就猶豫說:給什麼作抵押呢?」她瑪回說:可以給印章、手鐲,或者手杖都可以。猶大就選了給她。二人成了好事,她瑪也懷上孕。

19. 事後,她瑪摘下頭巾,換會一身寡婦的衣服,便離去。

20. 猶大讓朋友亞杜蘭人,此時牽著小山羊,找那婦人要回抵押品,卻未能找到。

註:亞杜蘭AI:

Adullamite   is a gentilic term meaning  Inhabitant of Adullam, a strategic city in the Judean lowlands (Shephelah).   In ancient times,  Adullam was originally a  Canaanite  city-state that existed prior to the Israelite conquest, later becoming a fortified Judahite stronghold. 

The term is biblically specific, primarily referring to  Hirah,  a Canaanite friend and associate of the patriarch  Judah  (Genesis 38:1, 12, 20).   Later, the name became associated with the  Cave of  Adullam, which served as a refuge and military headquarters for  David  and his followers during his flight from King Saul (1 Samuel 22:1-2).

摩西在這段述事當中,沒有作出價值判斷。相信這是人的自由,特別在不對等不同的身份上,男的不可以獨斷,女的也不能。只是在華話世界常將中華道德加之於這事件上。這處不把這觀點放在詮釋當中,以人對自身生活當中,如何為自己打算,原則是做這事時,是否傷人利己作準。

女性在當時社會處境,因為生育導致在生活上分功是必然的事,生育在當時生活的環境是必須,為此不能算是不平等。而她瑪這事,是關乎她的地位,按當時的律例是有幾個可行的方式,猶大說了算,這種處理的方式是不守承諾,也不尊重。這讓她瑪的處境極之為難。

她瑪為自己存在的可能,不可以模稜兩可,一是找個人承繼一是放行,在家沒有地位,沒有依靠,任誰可以幫忙卻又是可以不幫,如何是好?她等到了示拉長大,是盡了她本份,猶大?沒有守他的承諾。

她瑪沒有其他方式,也許是女姓在那個環境,有時出聲反而不利,她們的沉默是環境

她用當時社會的規範,就是律法容許的方式,為自己尋求出路。既然這個方式是社會容許,她瑪用自己的心力腦力毅力,膽大心細,是因為不懼。為自己生存作出努力,為何要怕?

這事,研究聖經的人,講經的人都不明白,為此她瑪的冤屈沒有被人代為申訴,只說是男女不平等。男女本來在身心靈上與男性不同,沒有一個基準,又何來平等?情慾這事,自古就是不平等,因為結構和功能不同。這不同,正正是創造時奇妙之處。有一心理書,書名:男人從火星來,女人從金星來 (中譯男女大不同) ,正正是描述雙方不同,是透過認識和互相尊重才是和諧共同成長的根本。可惜社會對此沒有公論,大都不明。連稱為相信的,都不了解耶和華創造時的心意。可嘆的是,相信耶和華有愛,都幾千年,依舊不明這愛是如何應用在現實的處境,不同不是對立,是可以去了解,達致共和。

她瑪,為自己生存,不害人又守法,有何不可?沒有人明白又如何,明知是對,就勇往直前。耶和華沒有因為她是寡婦,受到了不公義的對待,似乎依舊保護她。耶和華待人,除了亞伯拉罕跟以撒及雅各,其他如迦南地域,以實瑪利之後等人,各人都是擁有12位後人,後人如何生活,看各人的選擇,機會是平等。而這些後人,特別是婦女,她們當中看來沒有這選擇的權利。為此,她的內心,總有一份靈巧純良。難道耶 和華會重男輕女? 當然不會,祂的愛是無分彼此。

她瑪在馬太福音,耶穌的家譜當中,是以亞伯拉罕開始:第一章中就有記述 (1:2)。耶穌家譜在路加福音:3:23-38,是從馬利亞的丈夫約瑟 (和舊約的約瑟一族有關 – 按名追索),直至亞當,當中記載有猶大在內 (她瑪的公公)。可見迦南婦女她瑪,她的聰明智慧,心靈當中有份靈巧純良,是耶和華喜悅她瑪是連於基督的降生。

如果這段分析有一定依據,耶和華對亞伯拉罕的承諾,就無關信與不信,只在乎人的良心有沒有煙滅,為此,有良心的人,也蒙耶和華保障,是有依據,更說明祂的信實,值得相信。 耶和華有恩慈,更是信實,直到萬代,若有同感可以多多分享。

亞倫的人生 - 看「書」做[夢] avatar

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