參考版本 AFV  A  Faithful Version 的希臘文 2009版本   

耶和華的事，不謀利沒有版權

16. And if a man lures a virgin who is not promised, and lies with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.

17. If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.

18. You shall not allow to live.

19. Anyone lying with an animal shall surely be put to death.

20. Anyone sacrificing to a god, except it is unto the LORD only, he shall be utterly destroyed.

21. You shall neither vex a stranger nor oppress him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt.

22. You shall not afflict any widow or fatherless child.

23. If you afflict them in any way, and they cry at all to Me, I will surely hear their cry.

24. And My wrath shall burn, and I will kill you with the sword, and your wives shall be widows, and your sons fatherless.

25. If you lend money to one of My people who is poor among you, you shall not be to him as a money-lender, neither shall you lay upon him interest.

26. If you at all take your neighbor’s clothing as a pledge, you shall deliver it to him by the time the sun goes down;

27. For that is his covering only, it is his clothing for his skin. In what shall he sleep? And it will be, when he cries to Me, I will hear, for I am gracious.

28. You shall not revile God’s judges, nor curse the ruler of your people.

29. You shall not delay to offer the first of your ripe fruits and of your vintage. You shall give the firstborn of your sons to Me.

30. Likewise you shall do with your oxen and with your sheep; it shall be with its dam seven days. On the eighth day you shall give it to Me.

31. And you shall be holy men to Me. Neither shall you eat flesh torn by beasts in the field. You shall throw it to the dogs.”

 (A Faithful Version)

16. 有人貪戀女色，與未被許配的處女同寢，就要娶之為妻。

17. 若這女子父親堅決不答允這婚事，男子要以聘金作為補償。

18. 行巫術的要被剪除。

19. 與牲畜有染的，處死。

20. 獻祭若是用人的方式，是絕對被禁止。

21. 不可對寄居者作出欺壓，因為大家都曾有過在埃及的遭遇。

22. 不可苦待寡婦和孤兒。

23. 若有苦待的情況出現，他們作出投訴，會站在他們的立場處置。

24. 有這等事發生，會感到氣憤，得用非常的手段處理，例如：有妻的會成為寡婦，有兒的會成為孤兒。

25. 若是借錢給你們當中的貧窮人，不要以放債形式從中收取利息。

26. 若是以衣裳作抵押，日落之前必須歸還。

27. 因為是他唯一遮體之物，用作晚上取暖之用。沒有這衣物如何安睡？這人若是以此投訴，必會站在他們那邊，是出于憐憫。

28. 不可因此不滿，進而辱罵耶和華的代言人，他是被授予管理之權責。

29. 若是有頭生的出世，他就是初熟豐碩的果子，要獻予耶和華為之祝福。

30. 初生的牛羊也要如此行，與母牛待七天，第八天作為獻祭之用。

31. 男孩要分別為聖。至於牛羊，肉可食，剩下的給狗隻作糧。

1. 這同是指涉個人的行為出發的一些指導，包括：貪戀女色；行巫術詐騙；獸戀Zoophilia；用人作獻祭等。(v.16-20)

2. 個人的操守方面包括：不可欺負同是寄居的 (暫時留下不作永居)；孤兒寡婦。這等人若有投訴，摩西是會相信他們，而且懲治很重。(v.20-24)

3. 個人的生計方面，包括：不可放貸，無力償還。都要寬待處理。(v.25-27)

4. 個人對執行紀律的人員作出粗言穢語，更不可濫用耶和華的名號。(v.28)

5. 個人在信心的操練，在人方面：把頭生的男嬰分別為聖這方式交託。在牲畜方面：頭生的 (即同一頭牛，母牛是雜交)，牠是祭物方式，獻祭後可以分享。

上述描述是原來的意思，似乎後來因為種種環境因素，這樣人畜不同有了新的發展，就有了以下詮釋，也成了條例出現：

可參考：

Ancient Israelites were commanded to  redeem  (buy back) their firstborn sons rather than sacrifice them, typically by paying  five silver shekels  to a  Kohen (priest) or giving a lamb  to the Temple.   This practice, rooted in the Exodus narrative where God spared Israel’s firstborns during the plague in Egypt, replaced the earlier concept that firstborns belonged entirely to God with a system of substitution. 

Key Practices and Rules

• Redemption Payment: The standard redemption price was  five shekels of silver (approx.  20 gerahs), given to a priest. This could be paid in cash or valuable objects, but not real estate or slaves.
• Timing: The ceremony, known as  Pidyon HaBen  in Judaism, is performed when the boy is at least  31 days old.   If this day falls on the Sabbath or a festival, the redemption is delayed.
• Exemptions: A firstborn son is  not redeemed  if he is born via  Caesarean section, if his mother had a previous miscarriage (in some interpretations), or if his father or maternal grandfather is a  Kohen  or  Levite. 
• Animals: Firstborn clean animals  (like sheep or cattle) were dedicated to God and sacrificed; their meat was given to the priest.   Firstborn  unclean animals  (like donkeys) had to be redeemed with a lamb or, if not redeemed, the animal’s neck was broken. 

Theological Significance

The commandment serves as a perpetual reminder of the  Passover  and the deliverance from Egypt.   By redeeming their sons, Israelites acknowledged that all firstborns originally belonged to God, a claim reinforced when the  Levites  were chosen to serve in the Tabernacle instead of all firstborn males.  Those firstborns not covered by Levite substitution paid the silver redemption fee, which was given to Aaron and his sons. 

Scholarly Context

While some biblical passages (like Exodus 22:29) are interpreted by some scholars as potentially reflecting older traditions of child dedication or sacrifice, the dominant biblical legal tradition (Exodus 13, Numbers 8, 18) explicitly mandates  redemption  as a substitute, reflecting a covenant that eschews human sacrifice in favor of symbolic devotion and priestly service. 

以下的網址有提及分別為聖，和祭物之間不同的處理：

https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6138-first-born-redemption-of

當中似乎有一個過程，初生的分別為聖是要用金錢贖回。情況改變似乎是在出埃及與入迦南之間產生出來。

這個 [長子救贖] 在後來的日子，似乎是因環境而有所改變，改變的地方在於用金錢贖回這樣的方式。可參考以下網址：https://aish.com/pidyon_haben_-_redemption_of_first_born/

摩西用條文的方式作為當時大群以色列人，以此作為有序管理是必須，當中有合理人性化的安排。它不同昔日猶太人對律法的修正，變得條文化而不是人性中慈悲而有律動的人性安排，變得像苛政。今日的教會，在管理層的理解，也就有了這樣的分歧，一直相持，未能文明開懷討論，有點永不罷休之勢，可惜！