參考版本 AFV  A  Faithful Version 的希臘文 2009版本   

耶和華的事，不謀利沒有版權

1. And the LORD said to Aaron, “You and your sons, and your father’s house with you, shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary. And you and your sons with you shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood.

2. And bring your brothers also of the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father with you, so that they may be joined to you and minister to you, you and your sons with you, before the tabernacle of witness.

3. And they shall keep your charge and the charge of all the tabernacle. Only they shall not come near the vessels of the sanctuary and the altar so that neither they nor you also may die.

4. And they shall be joined to you, and keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, for all the service of the tabernacle. And a stranger shall not come near you.

5. And you shall keep the charge of the sanctuary and the charge of the altar so that there may be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel.

6. And I, behold, even I have taken your brothers the Levites from among the children of Israel. They are given to you as a gift for the LORD to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.

7. Therefore you and your sons with you shall keep your priests’ office for every thing of the altar and inside the veil. And you shall serve. I have given your priests’ office as a gift of service. And the stranger that comes near shall be put to death.”

 (A Faithful Version)

1. 耶和華吩咐摩西對亞倫說：你先祖與你的眾子及其後，要擔當聖所能承擔人犯事獻祭的事，你和利未眾子就是以祭司之職承擔起這份職事。

2. 亞倫要帶眾子孫，是從先祖而出利未這支派，如今就在這曠野的會幕前，開始履行這份服事。

3. 要守住所交託的職份，看守會幕。不可讓別人挨近會幕當中的器具和祭壇，有意靠近的人必處以極重的刑罰。

4. 有許多人會來要求參與，要得祭司這職份，這些人一既不可讓其加入祭司行列。

5. 看守會幕的，可以收取祭壇上供物作為生之用，就不會對以色列人埋怨。

6. 既把利未眾兄弟從以色列人當中揀選出來，給予一個職份，專為耶和華而設，要好好辦理這會幕的事宜。

7. 眾子們要謹守祭司的職事，把祭壇和會幕內的一切事，辦得妥貼。既知祭司是一份特殊的事奉，別人要刻意獲取，會嚴厲懲處。

有關早期祭司的理解：

Ancient Jewish priests, known as kohanim, were patrilineal descendants of Aaron and wore specific, elaborate vestments that signified their holy status and served to atone for various sins. Regular priests wore a plain white linen tunic (ketonet), breeches (michnasayim), a sash (avnet), and a linen cap (migba’at), while the High Priest (Kohen Gadol) wore eight additional or distinct garments, including a blue robe (me’il) with golden bells and pomegranate tassels, an embroidered apron (ephod) with onyx stones representing the tribes, and a breastplate (hoshen) with twelve precious stones.

The High Priest’s attire was uniquely ornate, featuring a golden headplate (tzitz) inscribed with “Holy unto YHWH” and a complex turban (mitznefet). According to the Talmud, these garments were not merely decorative but held spiritual efficacy, with specific items atoning for sins such as arrogance, idolatry, and bloodshed. While the Hebrew Bible provides detailed descriptions, artistic renderings are rare; however, Greek translations and Roman art suggest the priestly dress may have had a Persian or Parthian appearance, distinct from the general population.

• Common Priest Garments: Linen breeches, a plain linen tunic, a white linen sash, and a linen cap.
• High Priest Garments: Added a blue sleeveless robe with bells, an embroidered ephod, a twelve-stone breastplate, and a golden forehead plate.
• Yom Kippur Attire: On the Day of Atonement, the High Priest wore only four simple white linen garments, forgoing the “golden garments” worn on other occasions.
• Symbolism: The vestments were believed to atone for specific societal sins, such as the ephod atoning for idolatry and the tunic for bloodshed.
• Historical Context: The priesthood ended with the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, after which the role became primarily honorific based on lineage rather than active temple service.

上述的描述似乎是接近摩西那個時代，下述的描述是較為近代的解釋

https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12358-priest

當中有一段引言：一個人致力於服務聖所,特別是祭壇。然而,這個定義適用於希伯來祭司的後期階段,而不是早期階段。在古代以色列,人們不需要經過特殊的祝聖才能履行祭祀職能；任何人都可以走近祭壇並獻祭。

上述二個不同的表述，對這章摩西成立祭司一職的原意的有差別。差別在於：

沒有理解祭司出現的緣因，前因是摩西用這儀式的用意不解，後果是有人借此想去奪取領導權。這二個要素都被忽視。

1. 摩西用禮儀代替律例：

當時的環境是十多萬人在一個旅程，它須要一個大家都可以遵守的共同約定，就是有人犯錯或有無意產生的糾紛之間，如何解決這類糾紛而起。不用律法的形式是因為屬一家人。用獻祭代替律例的好處，是當中一個原因：愛。讓無心犯事的人有改變的誠意，等一個機會。

至於祭壇的裝飾，耶和華沒有這個莊嚴的想法，這一切是摩西舊有的觀念起的作用，受埃及的文化影響，似乎耶和華沒有即指時指正。因為人的事，人有自主的自由。這個也可以解釋為何總是耶和華對摩西說話，這樣的描述是給人個印象，要不要聽人自己決定。這是摩西述事的方式。

祭壇和祭司的服飾是愈來愈被重視，就離了耶和華的本意。因此耶穌在新約有言：清心的人得見耶和華 (因為是聲音，於是有了滿天神盈世佛的偽名出現)。

2. 祭司成為世襲：

順著立祭司事件，便產生了今日立祭司的儀式出現，它是前者，就是摩西以獻祭方式對人犯的安排，這事未完，因為紛亂停下來，如今亂事己平，立祭司的儀式繼續，是以義務的世襲方式 (沒有既定的薪酬)。

只因為是利未一族的世襲，有人就因此看上眼。摩西明白得很，於是在條例中有更明確的規範，別的族不可染指祭司之位。它有好處，也有壞處，在歷史的進程中有所說明。它成了壞不是條例本身，是有權立例的人更改而成為壟斷的事業，人心不良是根源，好事變壞。